The Measures for the Management of Residential Special Maintenance Funds [Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Finance Order No. 165] mentions that residential special maintenance funds are funds that are specially used for the maintenance and renewal and transformation of residential common parts and common facilities and equipment after the expiration of the warranty period in order to guarantee the maintenance and normal use of residential common parts and common facilities and equipment.
By the owner to pay the collection. Since 1998, the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the “residential common parts and shared facilities and equipment maintenance fund management measures” to February 1, 2008, the implementation of the “residential special maintenance funds management measures” jointly issued by the two ministries, residential special maintenance funds management gradually improved, standardized, but for residential special maintenance funds specific accounting methods have not been introduced, especially Mehekou City, such as County-level cities, in the actual work of many problems, now combined with the author in the actual accounting work encountered in the problem to talk about immature views and practices, please correct me.
Tesidential special maintenance funds without a clear accounting system
The management of residential special maintenance funds accounting is not clearly defined is the use of enterprise accounting system or accounting system of institutions. In fact, the maintenance fund accounting is between these two accounting systems, it is more complex than the accounting of institutions and simpler than the accounting of enterprises.
The simple accounting accounts for business units can no longer meet the needs of residential special maintenance fund accounting. The business system accounts for the income of maintenance funds every quarter to ensure the value of the funds, which is a routine task in the business system, while the interest accrual of maintenance funds in the financial accounting system can only be confirmed when it is actually received.
And in fact, the interest receivable account does not appear in the newly implemented accounting system for business units in 2013. It is the business income, business expenditure, business balance, and balance distribution in the accounting system of institutions that are not suitable for the accounting of maintenance funds either. The enterprise accounting system has clear owner’s equity and undistributed profits in the accounting, which are also inappropriate for the accounting of maintenance funds. The end result is that this accounting fact cannot be fully and truly reflected in both kinds of accounting.
Some ideas and suggestions for the financial management of residential special maintenance funds
(1) Residential special maintenance funds should adopt the applicable accounting system and advanced accounting computerization system
In order to better manage the housing special maintenance funds, an advanced financial software system can be adopted. This system should fully support the new 2013 accounting system for institutions, with the built-in accounting account system in the latest accounting system for institutions and related reports, and also support the customization of the account system, which solves the problem of using accounting accounts in the accounting system for institutions.
According to the needs of housing special maintenance fund management, you can customize the accounts or innovate some accounts. It has secondary accounts to buildings and tertiary accounts to households. Here it is easier to apportion the value-added income part of the special housing maintenance fund, and at the same time, the proportion of expenditure apportionment can be clearly seen when it is used.
(2) Accounting account setting and accounting of assets
Due to the special nature of the accounting business of residential special maintenance funds, it is suggested to set up two new accounting accounts of assets: deposits of residential special maintenance funds and deposits of value-added income, which should also include interest receivable and state bonds.
1. Residential special maintenance fund deposit.
A new accounting account “residential special maintenance fund deposit” is set up to account for the money deposited into the special residential maintenance fund account of the entrusted bank according to the regulations. This account should be set up “residential special maintenance funds deposit journal”, should be regularly reconciled with “bank statements”, and should be prepared on a monthly basis “residential special maintenance funds deposit balance reconciliation table “The reconciliation shall be made on a monthly basis. The debit balance at the end of the account reflects the actual money in the special maintenance fund account of the entrusted bank.
2. Deposit of value-added income.
A new accounting account “value-added income deposit” was established to account for the amount deposited into the special account for value-added income of the entrusted bank in accordance with the regulations. Receiving the interest income from the special residential maintenance fund account, debit this account and credit the account of “business income – interest income from value-added income”. In accordance with the relevant provisions for residential special maintenance funds management unit management costs, debit “special accounts payable”, credit this account.
At the end of the period, according to the provisions of the residential special maintenance funds, deducting the interest income from the special account for value-added income, the difference between the business income and business expenses, from the special bank account for residential special maintenance funds to the special account for value-added income, debit this account, credit the “residential special maintenance funds deposit” account. The account should be set up as “value-added income deposit journal”, which should be reconciled with “bank statement” periodically, and “residential special maintenance fund deposit balance reconciliation” should be prepared on a monthly basis. The reconciliation should be done on a monthly basis. The debit balance at the end of the account reflects the actual amount in the special account of value-added income of the entrusted bank.
3. Interest receivable.
This account is used to account for the interest receivable but not received in the course of the operation of residential special maintenance funds. At the end of the period, the interest not yet received is calculated and debited to this account and credited to the account of “business income – interest income from value-added income”.
When the interest is actually collected, the account of “Deposit of value-added income” is debited and the account of “Deposit of value-added income” is credited. The debit balance at the end of the period reflects the interest receivable but not yet received.
4. National bonds.
The establishment of the “national bonds” account, used to account for the relevant provisions of the residential special maintenance funds to purchase national bonds. According to the provisions of the residential special maintenance funds to purchase national bonds, according to the actual price paid, debit this account, credit the “residential special maintenance funds deposit” account. When the principal and interest of the state bonds are recovered at maturity or transferred in accordance with the regulations, the actual amount received will be debited to the account “Residential special maintenance funds deposit” and credited to this account according to the book value of the bonds, and the difference will be credited to the account “business income – – interest income from state bonds”. -Interest income from state bonds”.
This account should be set up according to the type of state bonds purchased. The debit balance at the end of the account reflects the value of the national bonds held.
(3) Accounting and accounting for liabilities
It is proposed to set up a new accounting account “residential special maintenance funds”, and another accounting account of liabilities also includes special accounts payable.
1. Residential special maintenance funds.
This account is used to account for the collection, interest and payment of special residential maintenance funds. The credit side of this account accounts for the collection and balance of residential special maintenance funds, and its accounting content is as follows.
(1) the collection of residential special maintenance funds deposited by the homeowner, debit “residential special maintenance funds deposit” account, credit this account.
(2) according to the provisions of the housing owners residential special maintenance funds account for the annual interest, according to the accrued interest, debit the “operating expenses – residential special maintenance funds interest expenses” account, credit this account. The debit side of this account accounts for the drawdown of the balance stored in the residential special maintenance fund account of the owner of the house, which accounts for the following.
(a) the property owner for residential common parts, shared facilities and equipment after the expiration of the warranty period of repair and renewal, renovation and withdrawal of residential special maintenance funds account storage balance, debit this account, credit the “residential special maintenance funds deposit” account.
(b) The return of residential special maintenance funds due to the loss of housing, etc., according to the balance stored in the account of the owner, debit this account, according to the current accrued interest, debit “business expenses – residential special maintenance funds interest expenses” account, according to the actual amount paid, credit According to the actual amount paid, credit the “residential special maintenance funds deposit” account.
(C) in accordance with the relevant provisions of the residential special maintenance funds for the property owner account cancellation (such as the house has been lost), but the property owner for specific reasons (such as death and no heirs and no legatees) can not apply for residential special maintenance funds cancellation, should be the property owner residential special maintenance funds account in the storage balance to business income, debit this account, credit “business income –Other income” account. The credit balance at the end of the account reflects the balance of the property owner’s residential special maintenance funds account.
2.Special accounts payable.
This account is used to account for the management costs of the residential special maintenance funds management unit. According to the provisions of the residential special maintenance funds from the value-added income of the residential special maintenance funds management unit management costs, debit the “value-added income distribution” account, credit this account. Transfer the management costs to the residential special maintenance funds management unit, debit this account, credit the “value-added revenue deposit” account.
(4) Accounting for operating income and expenses and net assets
The accounting accounts of business income and expenditure and net assets include: business income, business expenditure, value-added income and value-added income distribution.
1. Business income.
This account is used to account for the business income of residential special maintenance funds. The following four detailed accounts should be set up in this account.
(1) Interest income of residential special maintenance funds.
(2) Interest income from value-added income.
(3) State bond interest income.
(4) Other income. The business income realized during the operation of residential special maintenance funds shall be handled as follows.
(a) Receive the interest income from the special residential maintenance fund deposit transferred from the bank, debit the “residential special maintenance fund deposit” account, credit this account (residential special maintenance fund interest income).
(b) Receive the interest income from the special account for the value-added income of residential special maintenance funds transferred from the bank, debit the account of “value-added income deposit” and credit this account (interest income from value-added income).
(c) when the state bonds are due to be recovered or transferred in accordance with the provisions, according to the actual amount received, debit the “residential special maintenance funds deposit” account, according to the book value of the bonds, credit the “state bonds” account, according to the difference, credit this account (state bonds (Interest income).
(d) In accordance with the relevant provisions of the residential special maintenance funds for the property owner account cancellation (such as the house has been lost), but the property owner for specific reasons (such as death and no heirs or legatees) can not apply for residential special maintenance funds cancellation, according to the property owner residential special maintenance funds account in the storage balance, debit “residential special maintenance funds ” account, credit this account (other income). At the end of the period, the balance of this account should be transferred to the “value-added income” account, debit this account, credit the “value-added income” account, after the transfer of this account should have no balance.
2. Operating expenses.
This account is used to account for the operational expenses of the residential special maintenance funds, including the interest calculated for the residential special maintenance funds account of the property owner according to the regulations, and the fees paid to the bank in the daily work. This account shall have the following two sub-accounts.
(1) Interest expenses on residential special maintenance funds.
(2) Office expenses. The business expenses incurred in the operation of residential special maintenance funds shall be handled as follows.
(a) the annual interest balance of the residential special maintenance fund account to the owner of the house, debit this account (residential special maintenance fund interest expense), credit the “residential special maintenance fund” account.
(b) Daily work to pay bank charges and other related expenses, debit this account (office expenses), credit the “residential special maintenance funds deposit” account. At the end of the period, the debit balance of this account should be transferred to the “value-added income” account, debit the “value-added income” account and credit this account, and there should be no balance in this account after the transfer.
3. Value-added income.
This account is used to account for the value-added income of residential special maintenance funds. At the end of the period, the following business income and expenditure accounts are carried forward.
(1) Transfer the credit balance of “business income” to this account, debit the “business income” account and credit this account.
(2) Transfer the debit balance of “operating expenses” to this account, debit this account, and credit “operating expenses”.
(3) At the same time, the difference between the business income and business expenses, after deducting the interest income from the value-added income deposit, is transferred from the bank’s special residential maintenance fund account to the special account for value-added income, debiting the “value-added income deposit” account and crediting the “residential special maintenance fund deposit” account. “account. At the end of the year, the credit balance of this account should be transferred to the “value-added income distribution” account, debit this account and credit the “value-added income distribution” account, if the balance is debited, make the opposite accounting entry. After the transfer, there should be no balance in this account.
4. Allocation of value-added income.
This account is used to account for the distribution of the value-added income of residential special maintenance funds. At the end of the year, the accounting treatment is as follows.
(1) transfer the credit balance of the “value-added income” account to this account, debit the “value-added income” account, credit this account, “value-added income” account, if the debit balance, do the opposite If the balance is debited, the opposite accounting entry is made.
(2) The management costs of the residential special maintenance fund management unit should be withdrawn from the value-added income, debit this account and credit the “special accounts payable” account. The credit balance at the end of the account reflects the undistributed value-added income.
The above are some of the author’s rough ideas. For the financial management of residential special maintenance funds, it is a brand new subject, and itself is a major matter involving people’s livelihood. Since China started late in this area, we can only move forward in the exploration and design a scientific and reasonable management model as far as possible to solve the problems in the financial management of maintenance funds, so that the funds can operate better and eventually take up the responsibility of serving the owners.